Stress is everywhere — especially at work. But what is it, really?
Before we can reduce or manage stress effectively, we need to understand what it actually is. This article provides a clear definition of stress, explains how it works in the body, and highlights the difference between helpful and harmful stress — especially in the workplace.
We’ll also cover:
- The causes of stress
- Symptoms of chronic stress
- What happens when stress becomes overwhelming
- How to respond early and effectively
Definition of Stress
Stress is not a disease — it’s a physiological response. When you experience a challenge (called a stressor), your body shifts into a state of alert to help you respond. This survival response is designed to protect you — but it can also harm you if it goes on too long.
Stress activates both the nervous system and hormonal system. Hormones like adrenaline and cortisol raise your heart rate, sharpen your focus, and prepare your muscles for action — the classic “fight-or-flight” response.
This was incredibly helpful for our ancestors facing physical threats. But today, even psychological or emotional challenges — like deadlines, emails, or financial worries — can activate the same system.
What Causes Stress? Common Stressors in Life and at Work
Stress looks different for everyone, but certain common stressors affect large numbers of people.
General Life Stressors:
- Financial problems
- Health issues
- Divorce or relationship tension
- Academic pressure
Workplace Stressors:
- Excessive workload or unrealistic deadlines
- Lack of control over tasks or decisions
- Poor communication or unclear expectations
- Micromanagement, toxic leadership, or harassment
- Job insecurity or fear of layoffs
These factors don’t just affect your mood — they trigger a biological stress response, and when repeated, they can lead to chronic stress and long-term health issues.
Can Stress Ever Be Good? Understanding Acute Stress
Not all stress is harmful. Acute stress — the kind you feel before a speech or tight deadline — can be helpful.
It boosts:
- Focus
- Energy
- Motivation
This form of stress fades once the challenge passes. It’s a short burst of physiological energy that can help you perform at your best.
When Stress Becomes a Problem: Chronic Stress Symptoms
Chronic stress happens when stressors continue over time without relief. Your body stays in high-alert mode, which begins to damage your health.
Physical symptoms:
- Headaches or migraines
- Sleep disturbances
- Muscle tension
- High blood pressure
- Digestive problems
- Reduced libido
Emotional & mental symptoms:
- Irritability or anxiety
- Difficulty concentrating
- Low mood or motivation
- Feeling overwhelmed
- Depression or helplessness
These symptoms result from the prolonged activation of stress hormones like cortisol and noradrenaline.
👉 Read about 10 early signs of burnout at work
Stress Overload: What Happens When It All Adds Up
If multiple stressors pile up without recovery, your system can go into overload.
This can lead to:
- Burnout
- Social withdrawal
- Constant worry
- Substance misuse
- Disordered eating
- Exhaustion and poor immune function
Stress overload can resemble anxiety — but while anxiety often stems from internal fears, chronic stress is usually triggered by external demands. Understanding the difference is important when choosing how to respond.
What to Do If You’re Feeling Overwhelmed
The most important thing is to act early. Ignoring stress symptoms usually makes them worse.
Start here:
- Identify your personal stressors (especially at work)
- Build stress recovery into your week (like movement, rest, or time off)
- Talk to someone — a coach, trusted friend, or mental health professional
- Use evidence-based tools (like CBT, mindfulness, or structured planning)
From Awareness to Action: Resources for Change
You’ve just taken the first step by learning what stress is and where it comes from. If workplace stress is affecting your performance, health, or relationships, don’t wait until it becomes unmanageable.
Explore more articles on workplace stress at stressinsight.com
Check out our course Surmounting Stress for a science-based path to stress relief
Frequently Asked Questions About Stress
Q: What are the most common causes of stress at work?
A: Common workplace stressors include excessive workload, unclear expectations, poor leadership, and lack of control.
Q: Is stress always bad?
A: No — short-term stress can be beneficial. It becomes a problem when it is intense, frequent, or long-lasting.
Q: What’s the difference between chronic stress and anxiety?
A: Chronic stress usually stems from external pressures. Anxiety often involves internal worries and is classified as a mental health disorder.
Q: What are the first signs of burnout?
A: Emotional exhaustion, reduced performance, and a sense of detachment are early signs of burnout, often linked to ongoing work-related stress.
